Redefining Third Places Through Gaming Cafe

Redefining Third Places Through Gaming Cafe

Redefining Third Places Through Gaming Cafe

Redefining Third Places Through Gaming Cafe

CoPlay is a project that reimagines gaming cafés as vibrant third places to counter the decline in face-to-face interactions within New Zealand’s gaming community. As inflation and the immersive appeal of online games reduce in-person engagement, many players miss out on the social and mental health benefits of physical third places.

CoPlay is a project that reimagines gaming cafés as vibrant third places to counter the decline in face-to-face interactions within New Zealand’s gaming community. As inflation and the immersive appeal of online games reduce in-person engagement, many players miss out on the social and mental health benefits of physical third places.

CoPlay is a project that reimagines gaming cafés as vibrant third places to counter the decline in face-to-face interactions within New Zealand’s gaming community. As inflation and the immersive appeal of online games reduce in-person engagement, many players miss out on the social and mental health benefits of physical third places.

Time

Time

Time

3 Weeks

3 Weeks

3 Weeks

Team Size

Team Size

Team Size

2 Members

2 Members

2 Members

My role

My role

My role

Product Designer

Product Designer

Product Designer

Tools

Tools

Tools

Figma, Illustrator, Miro

Figma, Illustrator, Miro

Figma, Illustrator, Miro

Overview

Overview

Overview

Background

Background

Background

Third place has a vital role in our life. It is a place other than our home and workplace where “public relaxation” is encouraged, and healthy social interactions are fostered (Oldenburg, 2023). Lee (as cited by Liddy, 2023) connected third places to our social well-being because it’s a crucial aspect for human beings to have a sense of community, and opportunity to escape loneliness. As such, a third place had been coined as a key ingredient to happiness (Liddy, 2023).

Third place has a vital role in our life. It is a place other than our home and workplace where “public relaxation” is encouraged, and healthy social interactions are fostered (Oldenburg, 2023). Lee (as cited by Liddy, 2023) connected third places to our social well-being because it’s a crucial aspect for human beings to have a sense of community, and opportunity to escape loneliness. As such, a third place had been coined as a key ingredient to happiness (Liddy, 2023).

Third place has a vital role in our life. It is a place other than our home and workplace where “public relaxation” is encouraged, and healthy social interactions are fostered (Oldenburg, 2023). Lee (as cited by Liddy, 2023) connected third places to our social well-being because it’s a crucial aspect for human beings to have a sense of community, and opportunity to escape loneliness. As such, a third place had been coined as a key ingredient to happiness (Liddy, 2023).

Third place has a vital role in our life. It is a place other than our home and workplace where “public relaxation” is encouraged, and healthy social interactions are fostered (Oldenburg, 2023). Lee (as cited by Liddy, 2023) connected third places to our social well-being because it’s a crucial aspect for human beings to have a sense of community, and opportunity to escape loneliness. As such, a third place had been coined as a key ingredient to happiness (Liddy, 2023).

“ Third place ”

“ Third place ”

“ Third place ”

Public Places

Public Places

Public Places

social interactions

social interactions

social interactions

Healthy & Well-being

Healthy & Well-being

Healthy & Well-being

Design Process

Design Process

Design Process

The Team & My Role

The Team & My Role

The Team & My Role

Members

Members

Members

Lyn Ling

Lyn Ling

Lyn Ling

Lyn Ling

Angela Vizcarra

Angela Vizcarra

Angela Vizcarra

Angela Vizcarra

My Role

My Role

My Role

Individual Work – Low & High Fidelity, Prototyping & Iterations, Visual Design

Individual Work – Low & High Fidelity, Prototyping & Iterations, Visual Design

Individual Work – Low & High Fidelity, Prototyping & Iterations, Visual Design

Individual Work – Low & High Fidelity, Prototyping & Iterations, Visual Design

Team Work – Concept Design (Lead), Research & Analysis, Testing, Presentation

Team Work – Concept Design (Lead), Research & Analysis, Testing, Presentation

Team Work – Concept Design (Lead), Research & Analysis, Testing, Presentation

Team Work – Concept Design (Lead), Research & Analysis, Testing, Presentation

Primary Research

Primary Research

Primary Research

Initial Thinking

Initial Thinking

Initial Thinking

To design a solution that truly resonated with gamers, we first needed to understand their habits, preferences, and pain points. We conducted desk research on third-place theory, economic factors, and social gaming behaviors to uncover why traditional gaming spaces were struggling.

To design a solution that truly resonated with gamers, we first needed to understand their habits, preferences, and pain points. We conducted desk research on third-place theory, economic factors, and social gaming behaviors to uncover why traditional gaming spaces were struggling.

To design a solution that truly resonated with gamers, we first needed to understand their habits, preferences, and pain points. We conducted desk research on third-place theory, economic factors, and social gaming behaviors to uncover why traditional gaming spaces were struggling.

To design a solution that truly resonated with gamers, we first needed to understand their habits, preferences, and pain points. We conducted desk research on third-place theory, economic factors, and social gaming behaviors to uncover why traditional gaming spaces were struggling.

Primary Problem Framing

Primary Problem Framing

Primary Problem Framing

How might we encourage New Zealand gamers aged 18 to 35 to visit gaming cafés with tabletop games for social interaction to reduce the negative effects of prolonged online gaming to their mental health?

How might we encourage New Zealand gamers aged 18 to 35 to visit gaming cafés with tabletop games for social interaction to reduce the negative effects of prolonged online gaming to their mental health?

How might we encourage New Zealand gamers aged 18 to 35 to visit gaming cafés with tabletop games for social interaction to reduce the negative effects of prolonged online gaming to their mental health?

Method Decision

Method Decision

Method Decision

Qualitative research (in-person interviews)

Qualitative research (in-person interviews)

Qualitative research (in-person interviews)

Qualitative research (in-person interviews)

User Interviews

User Interviews

User Interviews

We then conducted user interviews with five participants aged 18-35, exploring their experiences with in-person and online gaming.

We then conducted user interviews with five participants aged 18-35, exploring their experiences with in-person and online gaming.

We then conducted user interviews with five participants aged 18-35, exploring their experiences with in-person and online gaming.

We then conducted user interviews with five participants aged 18-35, exploring their experiences with in-person and online gaming.

Research Key Insignts

Research Key Insignts

Research Key Insignts

Through affinity mapping, we distilled 7 insights into 16 major findings and 3 core design opportunities, shaping the foundation for Coplay’s development.

Through affinity mapping, we distilled 7 insights into 16 major findings and 3 core design opportunities, shaping the foundation for Coplay’s development.

Through affinity mapping, we distilled 7 insights into 16 major findings and 3 core design opportunities, shaping the foundation for Coplay’s development.

Through affinity mapping, we distilled 7 insights into 16 major findings and 3 core design opportunities, shaping the foundation for Coplay’s development.

* Due to confidentiality, detailed research information is not fully disclosed, and only an overview of the research process is presented.

* Due to confidentiality, detailed research information is not fully disclosed, and only an overview of the research process is presented.

* Due to confidentiality, detailed research information is not fully disclosed, and only an overview of the research process is presented.

* Due to confidentiality, detailed research information is not fully disclosed, and only an overview of the research process is presented.

Technology - Guideline

Technology - Guideline

Technology - Guideline

Technology - Guideline

“If there were an interactive device in offline settings that could guide beginners through the game step-by-step with on-screen tutorials, their gaming experience would be much better.” - PE Q15.1

“If there were an interactive device in offline settings that could guide beginners through the game step-by-step with on-screen tutorials, their gaming experience would be much better.” - PE Q15.1

“If there were an interactive device in offline settings that could guide beginners through the game step-by-step with on-screen tutorials, their gaming experience would be much better.” - PE Q15.1

“If there were an interactive device in offline settings that could guide beginners through the game step-by-step with on-screen tutorials, their gaming experience would be much better.” - PE Q15.1

Users find the use of technology to be advantageous in enhancing their gaming experience, specifically in finding guidance and assistance. 

Users find the use of technology to be advantageous in enhancing their gaming experience, specifically in finding guidance and assistance. 

Users find the use of technology to be advantageous in enhancing their gaming experience, specifically in finding guidance and assistance. 

Users find the use of technology to be advantageous in enhancing their gaming experience, specifically in finding guidance and assistance. 

Real Interactions

Real Interactions

Real Interactions

Real Interactions

“It's just that human touch that adds a little bit more fun when you are playing with your friends or your family, or whoever you're playing with.” - PC Q14

“It's just that human touch that adds a little bit more fun when you are playing with your friends or your family, or whoever you're playing with.” - PC Q14

“It's just that human touch that adds a little bit more fun when you are playing with your friends or your family, or whoever you're playing with.” - PC Q14

“It's just that human touch that adds a little bit more fun when you are playing with your friends or your family, or whoever you're playing with.” - PC Q14

Most participants prefer collaborative gaming because they find the immersive and interactive nature of in-person gaming to be beneficial. 

Most participants prefer collaborative gaming because they find the immersive and interactive nature of in-person gaming to be beneficial. 

Most participants prefer collaborative gaming because they find the immersive and interactive nature of in-person gaming to be beneficial. 

Most participants prefer collaborative gaming because they find the immersive and interactive nature of in-person gaming to be beneficial. 

Suitable Location

Suitable Location

Suitable Location

Suitable Location

“Sometimes in the malls they have this chess board that's on the floor, and they have these massive pieces...  Sometimes, I'll play against other people.” - PB Q6.2

“Sometimes in the malls they have this chess board that's on the floor, and they have these massive pieces...  Sometimes, I'll play against other people.” - PB Q6.2

“Sometimes in the malls they have this chess board that's on the floor, and they have these massive pieces...  Sometimes, I'll play against other people.” - PB Q6.2

“Sometimes in the malls they have this chess board that's on the floor, and they have these massive pieces...  Sometimes, I'll play against other people.” - PB Q6.2

Collaborative gaming venues can be established in any suitable location, making any appropriate place a potential candidate for a "third place."

Collaborative gaming venues can be established in any suitable location, making any appropriate place a potential candidate for a "third place."

Collaborative gaming venues can be established in any suitable location, making any appropriate place a potential candidate for a "third place."

Collaborative gaming venues can be established in any suitable location, making any appropriate place a potential candidate for a "third place."

Challenge & GOAL

Challenge & GOAL

Challenge & GOAL

Problem Reframing

Problem Reframing

Problem Reframing

Based on the insights, we reframed the problem to develop a low-cost product as a tool to support collaborative gaming.

Based on the insights, we reframed the problem to develop a low-cost product as a tool to support collaborative gaming.

Based on the insights, we reframed the problem to develop a low-cost product as a tool to support collaborative gaming.

Based on the insights, we reframed the problem to develop a low-cost product as a tool to support collaborative gaming.

How might we support New Zealand gamers aged 18 to 35 allowing them to participate in a low-cost in-person collaborative gaming, which results in reduced risks of prolonged online gaming?

How might we support New Zealand gamers aged 18 to 35 allowing them to participate in a low-cost in-person collaborative gaming, which results in reduced risks of prolonged online gaming?

How might we support New Zealand gamers aged 18 to 35 allowing them to participate in a low-cost in-person collaborative gaming, which results in reduced risks of prolonged online gaming?

Goal

Goal

Goal

Coplay is designed as a cost-effective and accessible solution to help New Zealand gamers

(aged 18-35) reconnect through in-person collaborative gaming. By providing a streamlined platform to discover, organize, and participate in real-world gaming events, Coplay seeks to revitalize third places, enhance social interaction, and foster a stronger sense of community within gaming culture.

Coplay is designed as a cost-effective and accessible solution to help New Zealand gamers

(aged 18-35) reconnect through in-person collaborative gaming. By providing a streamlined platform to discover, organize, and participate in real-world gaming events, Coplay seeks to revitalize third places, enhance social interaction, and foster a stronger sense of community within gaming culture.

Coplay is designed as a cost-effective and accessible solution to help New Zealand gamers

(aged 18-35) reconnect through in-person collaborative gaming. By providing a streamlined platform to discover, organize, and participate in real-world gaming events, Coplay seeks to revitalize third places, enhance social interaction, and foster a stronger sense of community within gaming culture.

Coplay is designed as a cost-effective and accessible solution to help New Zealand gamers

(aged 18-35) reconnect through in-person collaborative gaming. By providing a streamlined platform to discover, organize, and participate in real-world gaming events, Coplay seeks to revitalize third places, enhance social interaction, and foster a stronger sense of community within gaming culture.

Ideation & Concept Development

Ideation & Concept Development

Ideation

Ideation

Ideation

Concept Development

Concept Development

Concept Development

User Flow v1

User Flow v1

User Flow v1

User Flow v2

User Flow v2

User Flow v2

User Flow v2 Improvements

User Flow v2 Improvements

User Flow v2 Improvements

  1. It is only used as a support tool. 

  1. It is only used as a support tool. 

  1. It is only used as a support tool. 

  1. It is only used as a support tool. 

  1. It allows players to start an event, and join an event without a cost. The games are “sponsored” by the event author. No rentals unlike existing gaming cafés.

  1. It allows players to start an event, and join an event without a cost. The games are “sponsored” by the event author. No rentals unlike existing gaming cafés.

  1. It allows players to start an event, and join an event without a cost. The games are “sponsored” by the event author. No rentals unlike existing gaming cafés.

  1. It allows players to start an event, and join an event without a cost. The games are “sponsored” by the event author. No rentals unlike existing gaming cafés.

  1. The highlight is not in the app, rather the collaborative gaming that occurs after using the app.

  1. The highlight is not in the app, rather the collaborative gaming that occurs after using the app.

  1. The highlight is not in the app, rather the collaborative gaming that occurs after using the app.

  1. The highlight is not in the app, rather the collaborative gaming that occurs after using the app.

Wireframe & Prototyping

Wireframe & Prototyping

To bridge the gap between digital discovery and real-world participation, we introduced a QR-poster system, allowing users to scan, join, and host events in a matter of seconds. This feature provided a frictionless entry point, making participation as intuitive as scanning a lobby code in an online game.

To bridge the gap between digital discovery and real-world participation, we introduced a QR-poster system, allowing users to scan, join, and host events in a matter of seconds. This feature provided a frictionless entry point, making participation as intuitive as scanning a lobby code in an online game.

To bridge the gap between digital discovery and real-world participation, we introduced a QR-poster system, allowing users to scan, join, and host events in a matter of seconds. This feature provided a frictionless entry point, making participation as intuitive as scanning a lobby code in an online game.

To bridge the gap between digital discovery and real-world participation, we introduced a QR-poster system, allowing users to scan, join, and host events in a matter of seconds. This feature provided a frictionless entry point, making participation as intuitive as scanning a lobby code in an online game.

QR Code Onboarding

QR Code Onboarding

QR Code Onboarding

Tabletop

Tabletop

Tabletop

Games

Games

Games

Connect

Connect

Connect

with Friends

with Friends

with Friends

Do you want to play a game?

Do you want to play a game?

Do you want to play a game?

Do you need players?

Do you need players?

Do you need players?

Scan the QR code

Scan the QR code

Scan the QR code

Enjoy!

Enjoy!

Enjoy!

Utilize a centrally placed, large QR code as the focal point to guide users seamlessly into the app's homepage.

Utilize a centrally placed, large QR code as the focal point to guide users seamlessly into the app's homepage.

Utilize a centrally placed, large QR code as the focal point to guide users seamlessly into the app's homepage.

Utilize a centrally placed, large QR code as the focal point to guide users seamlessly into the app's homepage.

Accompany the QR code with concise product feature descriptions on either side, providing clear context and highlighting key functionalities to enhance user understanding and engagement during the onboarding process.

Accompany the QR code with concise product feature descriptions on either side, providing clear context and highlighting key functionalities to enhance user understanding and engagement during the onboarding process.

Accompany the QR code with concise product feature descriptions on either side, providing clear context and highlighting key functionalities to enhance user understanding and engagement during the onboarding process.

Accompany the QR code with concise product feature descriptions on either side, providing clear context and highlighting key functionalities to enhance user understanding and engagement during the onboarding process.

Low Fidelity Prototypes

Low Fidelity Prototypes

Low Fidelity Prototypes

User Testing

User Testing

Usability testing was conducted in person with 4 participants. A semi-structured interview and three sets of tasks were used for the main user. This lasted 15-20 minutes.

Usability testing was conducted in person with 4 participants. A semi-structured interview and three sets of tasks were used for the main user. This lasted 15-20 minutes.

Usability testing was conducted in person with 4 participants. A semi-structured interview and three sets of tasks were used for the main user. This lasted 15-20 minutes.

Usability testing was conducted in person with 4 participants. A semi-structured interview and three sets of tasks were used for the main user. This lasted 15-20 minutes.

Before

Before

Before

During

During

During

After

After

After

Key Insights

Key Insights

Key Insights

#1

#1

#1

While the poster’s messaging is aligned with the app, its visual appeal could be enhanced by using vibrant colors, including examples of recognizable logos, and characters of popular games, and offering incentives to attract more users.

While the poster’s messaging is aligned with the app, its visual appeal could be enhanced by using vibrant colors, including examples of recognizable logos, and characters of popular games, and offering incentives to attract more users.

While the poster’s messaging is aligned with the app, its visual appeal could be enhanced by using vibrant colors, including examples of recognizable logos, and characters of popular games, and offering incentives to attract more users.

While the poster’s messaging is aligned with the app, its visual appeal could be enhanced by using vibrant colors, including examples of recognizable logos, and characters of popular games, and offering incentives to attract more users.

#2

#2

#2

While participants agreed that the app's design was intuitive, they all had suggestions on how to improve it, based on their gaming background. Most of the areas for improvement are related to account management, and helping players with their decision making process.

While participants agreed that the app's design was intuitive, they all had suggestions on how to improve it, based on their gaming background. Most of the areas for improvement are related to account management, and helping players with their decision making process.

While participants agreed that the app's design was intuitive, they all had suggestions on how to improve it, based on their gaming background. Most of the areas for improvement are related to account management, and helping players with their decision making process.

While participants agreed that the app's design was intuitive, they all had suggestions on how to improve it, based on their gaming background. Most of the areas for improvement are related to account management, and helping players with their decision making process.

#3

#3

#3

The app's ability to connect people with shared gaming interests, can be seen as a potential driving factor for social engagement. Its role in collaborative gaming may not directly impact the gaming experience, however its use as a support tool is a promising feat.

The app's ability to connect people with shared gaming interests, can be seen as a potential driving factor for social engagement. Its role in collaborative gaming may not directly impact the gaming experience, however its use as a support tool is a promising feat.

The app's ability to connect people with shared gaming interests, can be seen as a potential driving factor for social engagement. Its role in collaborative gaming may not directly impact the gaming experience, however its use as a support tool is a promising feat.

The app's ability to connect people with shared gaming interests, can be seen as a potential driving factor for social engagement. Its role in collaborative gaming may not directly impact the gaming experience, however its use as a support tool is a promising feat.

Iterations & High-Fidelity Prototype

Iterations & High-Fidelity Prototype

Poster Iterations

Poster Iterations

Poster Iterations

App Iterations

App Iterations

App Iterations

Final Deliverables

Final Deliverables

Coplay is a QR-powered platform that enables gamers to discover, join, and host in-person gaming events, making real-world play more accessible and community-driven.

Coplay is a QR-powered platform that enables gamers to discover, join, and host in-person gaming events, making real-world play more accessible and community-driven.

Coplay is a QR-powered platform that enables gamers to discover, join, and host in-person gaming events, making real-world play more accessible and community-driven.

Coplay is a QR-powered platform that enables gamers to discover, join, and host in-person gaming events, making real-world play more accessible and community-driven.

  • Poster

  • Login & Sign up

  • Home

  • Games near me

  • Friend finder

  • Porfile

  • Poster

  • Login & Sign up

  • Home

  • Games near me

  • Friend finder

  • Porfile

Key Features:

Key Features:

Key Features:

  1. Join a Game – Easily browse and sign up for nearby gaming sessions.

  2. Create an Event – Organize and promote collaborative gaming meetups.

  3. Community-Driven – Supports in-person gaming without reliance on costly venues.

  4. Seamless QR Onboarding – Encourages effortless participation through poster-based event

  1. Join a Game – Easily browse and sign up for nearby gaming sessions.

  2. Create an Event – Organize and promote collaborative gaming meetups.

  3. Community-Driven – Supports in-person gaming without reliance on costly venues.

  4. Seamless QR Onboarding – Encourages effortless participation through poster-based event

  1. Join a Game – Easily browse and sign up for nearby gaming sessions.

  2. Create an Event – Organize and promote collaborative gaming meetups.

  3. Community-Driven – Supports in-person gaming without reliance on costly venues.

  4. Seamless QR Onboarding – Encourages effortless participation through poster-based event

  1. Join a Game – Easily browse and sign up for nearby gaming sessions.

  2. Create an Event – Organize and promote collaborative gaming meetups.

  3. Community-Driven – Supports in-person gaming without reliance on costly venues.

  4. Seamless QR Onboarding – Encourages effortless participation through poster-based event

Reflection

Reflection

Topic Final Thoughts

Topic Final Thoughts

Topic Final Thoughts

Based on our research, a third place is no longer confined within the common places that we know. Even if its characteristics do not tick everything from Oldenburg’s third place definition, the common denominator of being able to build connections, to belong in a community, and to nurture our wellbeing is what matters

Based on our research, a third place is no longer confined within the common places that we know. Even if its characteristics do not tick everything from Oldenburg’s third place definition, the common denominator of being able to build connections, to belong in a community, and to nurture our wellbeing is what matters

Based on our research, a third place is no longer confined within the common places that we know. Even if its characteristics do not tick everything from Oldenburg’s third place definition, the common denominator of being able to build connections, to belong in a community, and to nurture our wellbeing is what matters

Based on our research, a third place is no longer confined within the common places that we know. Even if its characteristics do not tick everything from Oldenburg’s third place definition, the common denominator of being able to build connections, to belong in a community, and to nurture our wellbeing is what matters

Future Steps

Future Steps

Future Steps

As of the moment, the only security feature for the app is uploading a valid ID. For future enhancement, the following may be included:

As of the moment, the only security feature for the app is uploading a valid ID. For future enhancement, the following may be included:

As of the moment, the only security feature for the app is uploading a valid ID. For future enhancement, the following may be included:

As of the moment, the only security feature for the app is uploading a valid ID. For future enhancement, the following may be included:

  1. Location could be limited to public spaces within the author’s area.

  2. Report features could be included in each post, or player profile.

  1. Location could be limited to public spaces within the author’s area.

  2. Report features could be included in each post, or player profile.

  1. Location could be limited to public spaces within the author’s area.

  2. Report features could be included in each post, or player profile.

  1. Location could be limited to public spaces within the author’s area.

  2. Report features could be included in each post, or player profile.

Partnership / Collaboration with local gaming shops / cafés / community centers to ensure safety, and to help local businesses.

Partnership / Collaboration with local gaming shops / cafés / community centers to ensure safety, and to help local businesses.

Partnership / Collaboration with local gaming shops / cafés / community centers to ensure safety, and to help local businesses.

Partnership / Collaboration with local gaming shops / cafés / community centers to ensure safety, and to help local businesses.

Further testing using the High-fidelity prototype.

Further testing using the High-fidelity prototype.

Further testing using the High-fidelity prototype.

Further testing using the High-fidelity prototype.

Takeaways

Takeaways

Takeaways

This project taught me the importance of iterative design and the value of refining user flows and UX writing to prevent user errors. For these parts, Angela supported me a lot. Through this collaboration, I enhanced my research and design skills while improving my ability to communicate and work with teammates. The combination of research, design, and teamwork contributed to the overall success of the product.

This project taught me the importance of iterative design and the value of refining user flows and UX writing to prevent user errors. For these parts, Angela supported me a lot. Through this collaboration, I enhanced my research and design skills while improving my ability to communicate and work with teammates. The combination of research, design, and teamwork contributed to the overall success of the product.

This project taught me the importance of iterative design and the value of refining user flows and UX writing to prevent user errors. For these parts, Angela supported me a lot. Through this collaboration, I enhanced my research and design skills while improving my ability to communicate and work with teammates. The combination of research, design, and teamwork contributed to the overall success of the product.

This project taught me the importance of iterative design and the value of refining user flows and UX writing to prevent user errors. For these parts, Angela supported me a lot. Through this collaboration, I enhanced my research and design skills while improving my ability to communicate and work with teammates. The combination of research, design, and teamwork contributed to the overall success of the product.

Let’s start our design journey!

Always Open To Freelance

Get In Touch

Behance

LinkedIn

Facebook

Thanks for dropping by!

© 2025 Made by Lyn Ling

Let’s start our design journey!

Always Open To Freelance

Get In Touch

Behance

LinkedIn

Facebook

Thanks for dropping by!

© 2025 Made by Lyn Ling

Let’s start our design journey!

Always Open To Freelance

Get In Touch

Behance

LinkedIn

Facebook

Thanks for dropping by!

© 2025 Made by Lyn Ling